file
The file command is a used for recognizing the type of data contained in a file.
# file mon.tar
mon.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
# file sanu/
sanu/: directory
# file file1
file1: ASCII text
- To check the types of all files in a directory.
# file /home/subrat/*
/home/subrat/file1: ASCII text
/home/subrat/mon.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
/home/subrat/my.pkt: ASCII text
/home/subrat/sanu: directory
/home/subrat/sar.txt: ASCII text
stat
The stat command is used to display status information of files and file systems.
- To check the status of a file.
# stat file1
File: `file1'
Size: 73740 Blocks: 152 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: caa1h/51873d Inode: 5317 Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 512/ subrat) Gid: ( 512/ subrat)
Access: 2014-04-11 09:40:37.095008865 +0530
Modify: 2014-04-09 06:42:21.635010321 +0530
Change: 2014-04-09 06:42:21.635010321 +0530
- To check the status of a directory.
# stat /home/subrat/
File: `/home/subrat/'
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: caa1h/51873d Inode: 8196 Links: 5
Access: (0700/drwx------) Uid: ( 512/ subrat) Gid: ( 512/ subrat)
Access: 2014-04-11 08:40:32.213008990 +0530
Modify: 2014-04-11 08:40:21.753009285 +0530
Change: 2014-04-11 08:40:21.753009285 +0530
- To check the status of a file system.
# stat -f /dev/xvdk1
File: "/dev/xvdk1"
ID: 0 Namelen: 255 Type: tmpfs
Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 69065 Free: 69025 Available: 69025
Inodes: Total: 69065 Free: 68440
locate
The locate command is often the simplest and quickest way to find the locations of files and directories.
- To search a particular file.
# locate sar.txt
/home/subrat/sar.txt
/opt/apps/sar/sar.txt
- To locate the file irrepsective of its name.
# locate -i new.txt
/tmp/NEW.txt
/tmp/new.txt
/usr/share/doc/samba-common/WHATSNEW.txt.gz
- To get the count of number of matching entry.
# locate -c sar.txt
2
Note: One limitation of the ‘locate’ command is its dependency on the database which can be updated by another utility ‘updatedb’. Hence, in order to get the latest and reliable results from ‘locate’ command the database on which it works should be updated at regular intervals.
updatedb
The updatedb command is used to refresh mlocate Database.
# locate out.mp
I have created some files with the name 'out.mp'. But I am not able to find. So, once run 'updatedb', then tried searching.
# updatedb
# locate out.mp
/home/subrat/out.mp
/home/subrat/sanu/out.mp
/home/subrat/sanu/out.mp.bak
which
The which command is used to locate executable in the system. It returns the absolute path of the executable that is called. It allows user to pass several command names as arguments to get their paths in the system. “which” commands searches the path of executable in system paths set in $PATH environment variable.
Syntax: which command | program
# which java
/usr/bin/java
You can search for multiple commands or programs also as below.
# which echo telnet chmod java
/bin/echo
/usr/bin/telnet
/bin/chmod
/usr/bin/java
whereis
The whereis command is used to find the source, binary, and manuals sections for specified commands or files.
# whereis find
find: /bin/find /usr/bin/find /usr/share/man/man1p/find.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/find.1.gz
- To search only binary files.
# whereis -b find
find: /bin/find /usr/bin/find
- To search only mannual sections files.
# whereis -m find
find: /usr/share/man/man1p/find.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/find.1.gz
- To search only source code files.
# whereis -s date
find:
- To search for multiple commands.
# whereis date grep
date: /bin/date /usr/share/man/man1p/date.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/date.1.gz
grep: /bin/grep /usr/share/man/man1p/grep.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/grep.1.gz
whatis
The whatis command is used to display a single line information about a command. It accomplishes this by searching the short descriptions in the whatis database for each keyword provided to it as an argument.
# whatis ls
ls (1) - list directory contents
ls (1p) - list directory contents
# whatis find
find (1p) - find files
find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy
The file command is a used for recognizing the type of data contained in a file.
# file mon.tar
mon.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
# file sanu/
sanu/: directory
# file file1
file1: ASCII text
- To check the types of all files in a directory.
# file /home/subrat/*
/home/subrat/file1: ASCII text
/home/subrat/mon.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
/home/subrat/my.pkt: ASCII text
/home/subrat/sanu: directory
/home/subrat/sar.txt: ASCII text
stat
The stat command is used to display status information of files and file systems.
- To check the status of a file.
# stat file1
File: `file1'
Size: 73740 Blocks: 152 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: caa1h/51873d Inode: 5317 Links: 1
Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 512/ subrat) Gid: ( 512/ subrat)
Access: 2014-04-11 09:40:37.095008865 +0530
Modify: 2014-04-09 06:42:21.635010321 +0530
Change: 2014-04-09 06:42:21.635010321 +0530
- To check the status of a directory.
# stat /home/subrat/
File: `/home/subrat/'
Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 directory
Device: caa1h/51873d Inode: 8196 Links: 5
Access: (0700/drwx------) Uid: ( 512/ subrat) Gid: ( 512/ subrat)
Access: 2014-04-11 08:40:32.213008990 +0530
Modify: 2014-04-11 08:40:21.753009285 +0530
Change: 2014-04-11 08:40:21.753009285 +0530
- To check the status of a file system.
# stat -f /dev/xvdk1
File: "/dev/xvdk1"
ID: 0 Namelen: 255 Type: tmpfs
Block size: 4096 Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 69065 Free: 69025 Available: 69025
Inodes: Total: 69065 Free: 68440
locate
The locate command is often the simplest and quickest way to find the locations of files and directories.
- To search a particular file.
# locate sar.txt
/home/subrat/sar.txt
/opt/apps/sar/sar.txt
- To locate the file irrepsective of its name.
# locate -i new.txt
/tmp/NEW.txt
/tmp/new.txt
/usr/share/doc/samba-common/WHATSNEW.txt.gz
- To get the count of number of matching entry.
# locate -c sar.txt
2
Note: One limitation of the ‘locate’ command is its dependency on the database which can be updated by another utility ‘updatedb’. Hence, in order to get the latest and reliable results from ‘locate’ command the database on which it works should be updated at regular intervals.
updatedb
The updatedb command is used to refresh mlocate Database.
# locate out.mp
I have created some files with the name 'out.mp'. But I am not able to find. So, once run 'updatedb', then tried searching.
# updatedb
# locate out.mp
/home/subrat/out.mp
/home/subrat/sanu/out.mp
/home/subrat/sanu/out.mp.bak
which
The which command is used to locate executable in the system. It returns the absolute path of the executable that is called. It allows user to pass several command names as arguments to get their paths in the system. “which” commands searches the path of executable in system paths set in $PATH environment variable.
Syntax: which command | program
# which java
/usr/bin/java
You can search for multiple commands or programs also as below.
# which echo telnet chmod java
/bin/echo
/usr/bin/telnet
/bin/chmod
/usr/bin/java
whereis
The whereis command is used to find the source, binary, and manuals sections for specified commands or files.
# whereis find
find: /bin/find /usr/bin/find /usr/share/man/man1p/find.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/find.1.gz
- To search only binary files.
# whereis -b find
find: /bin/find /usr/bin/find
- To search only mannual sections files.
# whereis -m find
find: /usr/share/man/man1p/find.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/find.1.gz
- To search only source code files.
# whereis -s date
find:
- To search for multiple commands.
# whereis date grep
date: /bin/date /usr/share/man/man1p/date.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/date.1.gz
grep: /bin/grep /usr/share/man/man1p/grep.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/grep.1.gz
whatis
The whatis command is used to display a single line information about a command. It accomplishes this by searching the short descriptions in the whatis database for each keyword provided to it as an argument.
# whatis ls
ls (1) - list directory contents
ls (1p) - list directory contents
# whatis find
find (1p) - find files
find (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy
No comments:
Post a Comment